A Natural Philosophy
Since the Cullen Estate was first planted in 1971, chemical intervention has been minimal and environmental stewardship has remained central to the family's approach. In 1998, the vineyard transitioned to fully organic viticulture, guided by Diana and Vanya Cullen's commitment to restoring soil health by returning to the land what had been taken from it. Organic certification followed in 2003.
That same year, after attending a biodynamic conference, Vanya recognised that biodynamics would deepen this holistic approach to both vineyard management and winemaking. Cullen Wines has been certified biodynamic since 2008, with the Cullen Vineyard itself being certified since 2004.
What does Biodynamic mean?
Biodynamic viticulture is a holistic farming philosophy that views the vineyard as a living system. It combines sustainable soil fertility with an understanding of the relationship between plant growth and the rhythms of the cosmos, working in harmony with the surrounding environment to build healthy, living soil.
At Cullen, this means using natural mineral, plant and animal preparations rather than synthetic chemicals. Specially prepared composts, fish and seaweed emulsions, and nitrogen-enhancing cover crops strengthen soil structure and vitality. These practices increase humus levels, encourage microbial life, improve aeration, and enhance the soil's ability to retain moisture and nutrients around the vine roots.
Biodynamic Sprays being applied in the vineyard helping to improve soil health and strengthen the vines
From the Heart of the Land
The integration of organic and biodynamic viticulture allows the vineyard to operate at its full natural potential, nurturing vines that produce distinctive and expressive fruit. While modern technology is embraced in the winery, the enduring value of traditional practices consistently delivers the best outcomes for our vines, soils, and wines.
Through experience, observation, and adaptation, Cullen continues to respond thoughtfully to environmental and climatic challenges. The result is wine that comes from the heart of the land rather than the mind of the winemaker.
Preparations
500: Cow Horn Manure
Cow manure is placed in female cow horns and buried underground over winter. When applied to the soil several times a year, particularly when the moon is descending or in opposition to Saturn, it stimulates humus formation, attracts earthworms and microorganisms, and invigorates soil life. It is sometimes combined with fish emulsion and seaweed.
501: Cow Horn Silica
Finely ground quartz crystals are placed in cow horns and buried in spring, then unearthed in autumn. Sprayed onto vine foliage, it enhances photosynthesis and improves the vine's uptake of soil minerals.
Compost Preparations (502–508)
502 Yarrow flowers: Strengthens the vine against insect attack.
503 Chamomile: Stimulates beneficial bacteria and supports nitrogen fixation in the soil.
504 Stinging nettle: Encourages decomposition and chlorophyll formation.
505 Oak bark: Rebalances soil and protects against fungal disease.
506 Dandelion: Increases the vine's sensitivity and may enhance flowering.
507 Valerian flowers: Supports vine vigour and mobilises soil bacteria.
508 Equisetum tea: Helps protect vines against fungus and mildew.
Each year, five cubic metres of biodynamic compost are applied per hectare of vineyard, further enriching soil health and vitality.
